Coricancha Inca Temple of the Sun in Cusco

The Coricancha (spelled Qoricancha or Koricancha, depending on which scholar you read and meaning something like Golden Enclosure) was an important Inca temple complex located in the capital city of Cusco, Peru and dedicated to Inti, the sun god of the Incas. The complex was built on a natural hill in the sacred city of Cusco, between the Shapy-Huatanay and Tullumayo Rivers. It was said to have been constructed under the direction of the Inka ruler Viracocha about 1200 AD (although the dates of Viracochas rule are under debate), and later embellished by the Inka Pachacuti [ruled 1438-1471]. Coricancha Complex The Coricancha was the physical and spiritual heart of Cusco--indeed, it represented the heart of the sacred panther outline map of Cuscos elite sector. As such, it was the  focal point of major religious activities within the city. It was also, and perhaps primarily, the vortex of the Inca ceque system. The sacred pathways of shrines called ceques radiated out from Cusco, into the far-flung four quarters of the Inca empire. Most of the ceque pilgrimage lines started at or near the Coricancha, extending out from its corners or nearby structures to more than 300 huacas or places of ritual importance. The Coricancha complex was said by Spanish chroniclers to have been laid out according to the sky. Four temples surrounded a central plaza: one dedicated to Inti (the sun), Killa (the moon), Chasca (the stars) and Illapa (the thunder or rainbow). Another plaza extended westward from the complex where a small shrine was dedicated to Viracocha. All were surrounded by a high, superbly constructed enclosing wall. Outside of the wall was the exterior garden  or Sacred Garden of the Sun. Modular Construction: the Cancha The term cancha or kancha refers to a type of building group, like the Coricancha, that consists of four rectangular structures placed symmetrically around a central plaza. While sites named with cancha (such as Amarucancha and Patacancha,  also known as Patallaqta) are typically orthogonally similar, there is a variation, when insufficient space or topographic restrictions limit the complete setup. (see Mackay and Silva for an interesting discussion) The complex layout has been compared to the Temples of the Sun at Llactapata and Pachacamac: in particular, although this is difficult to pin down given the lack of integrity of Coricanchas walls, Gullberg and Malville have argued that the Coricancha had a built-in solstice ritual, in which water (or chicha beer) was poured into a channel representing the feeding of the sun in the dry season. The interior walls of the temple are trapezoidal, and they have a vertical inclination built to withstand the severest of earthquakes. Stones for the Coricancha were quarried from the Waqoto and Rumiqolqa quarries. According to the chronicles, the walls of the temples were covered with gold plate, looted shortly after the Spanish arrived in 1533. Exterior Wall The largest extant portion of the exterior wall at the Coricancha lies on what would have been the southwestern side of the temple. The wall was constructed of finely cut parallel-piped stones, taken from a specific section of the Rumiqolqa quarry where a sufficient number of flow-banded blue-grey stones could be mined. Ogburn (2013) suggests that this part of the Rumiqolqa quarry was chosen for Coricancha and other important structures in Cusco because the stone approximated the color and type of the gray andesite from the Capia quarry used to create gateways and monolithic sculptures at Tiwanaku, thought to be the homeland of the original Inca emperors. After the Spanish Looted in the 16th century soon after the Spanish conquistadors arrived (and before the Inca conquest was complete), the Coricancha complex was largely dismantled in the 17th century to build the Catholic Church of Santo Domingo atop the Inca foundations. What is left is the foundation, part of the enclosing wall, almost all of the Chasca (stars) temple and portions of a handful of others. Sources Bauer BS. 1998. Austin: University of Texas Press. Cuadra C, Sato Y, Tokeshi J, Kanno H, Ogawa J, Karkee MB, and Rojas J. 2005. Preliminary evaluation of the seismic vulnerability of the Inca’s Coricancha temple complex in Cusco. Transactions on the Built Environment 83:245-253. Gullberg S, and Malville JM. 2011. The astronomy of Peruvian Huacas. In: Orchiston W, Nakamura T, and Strom RG, editors. Highlighting the History of Astronomy in the Asia-Pacific Region: Proceedings of the ICOA-6 Conference: Springer. p 85-118. Mackay WI, and Silva NF. 2013. Archaeology, Incas, Shape Grammars and Virtual Reconstruction. In: Sobh T, and Elleithy K, editors. Emerging Trends in Computing, Informatics, Systems Sciences, and Engineering: Springer New York. p 1121-1131. Ogburn DE. 2013. Variation in Inca Building Stone Quarry Operations in Peru and Ecuador. In: Tripcevich N, and Vaughn KJ, editors. Mining and Quarrying in the Ancient Andes: Springer New York. p 45-64. Pigeon G. 2011. Inca architecture: the function of a building in relation to its form. La Crosse, WI: University of Wisconsin La Crosse.

Use Of Magical Realism Expressed Within The Novella...

24-06 The impact of Magical Realism expressed within the novella Chronicle of a Death Foretold? Gabriel Garcia Marquez clearly expresses Magical Realism within the novella, The Chronicle of a Death Foretold. According to the online Merriam-Webster dictionary, Magical Realism is a literary genre or style associated especially with Latin America that incorporates fantastic or mythical elements into otherwise realistic fiction (Merriam-Webster). In addition to such, the secondary trait involved is the attitude of the narrator towards the characters of the novella: the characters both sub- and main- somehow come to believe and accept events that are contrary to realistic belief and understanding of the world, even unremarkable feats. Although†¦show more content†¦The fact that Angela sends letters for nearly seventeen years, invokes that she is extremely desiring for Bayardo to return and it’s implied to continue a lasting relationship with her. Also in regard to the over two thousand letters sent to Bayardo, it’s quite surprising that he kept them all, †Å"[within] a suitcase [and the fact] all were unopened,† which is unrealistic and rather quite absurd. The absurdity within the novella is that no one realistically will continue to write letters for seventeen years with a reply, let alone for that immense period of time without a reply as what was occurring over the years. Yet the aspect of magical realism allows the act to become acceptable and is held with regards to the love that Angela has for her partner exemplifying the skill that Marquez possesses with such a literary skill. Once the murder is set to take place, there are often many times with which it can be stopped by many of those within the town and even household of Santiago Nasar, many simply sweep the intent aside and set themselves as ‘bystanders’ setting the stage for the effect of magical realism. The fact that the twoShow MoreRelated Use of Magical Realism in Chronicle of a Death Foretold Essays1423 Words   |  6 PagesUse of Magical Realism in Gabriel-Garcia Marquezs Chronicle of a Death Foretold   Magical realism is clearly present throughout Gabriel-Garcia Marquezs novel Chronicle of a Death Foretold.   Magical realism is the juxtaposition of realism with fantastic, mythic, and magical elements. A secondary trait was the characteristic attitude of narrators toward the subject matter: they frequently appeared to accept events contrary to the usual operating laws of the universe as natural, even unremarkableRead MoreThe Theory, History, and Development of Magical Realism Essay examples3188 Words   |  13 PagesMagical realism is more a literary mode than a distinguishable genre and it aims to seize the paradox of the union of opposites such as time and timelessness, life and death, dream and reality and the pre-colonial past and the post-industrial present. It is characterized by two conflicting perspectives. While accepting the rational view of reality, it also considers the supernatural as a part of reality. The setting in a magical realist text is a normal world with aut hentic human characters. It is

Living like weasels Free Essays

Eighty seven percent of women and eighty one percent of men become parents at some point during their working lives (AUP. Org). That is a pretty high percentage of people whose lives change when they find out they are expecting a child. We will write a custom essay sample on Living like weasels or any similar topic only for you Order Now You suddenly become responsible for another human being. A part of that responsibility is making extremely important decisions that will affect your child’s health and wellbeing, such as deciding whether or not you want to get your child vaccinated. This has been an ongoing debate for decades, but only in the last decade has it come at the forefront of American political discussion. Both sides of the debate have positives and negatives, but the real question Is: which choice Is ultimately better for your child? Whilst doing my research on this topic, I came across a very moving article by a mother who had been anta-vaccination but after doing some Intense research and collecting real science, switched over to the pro-vaccination side of the debate. During her research, she stumbled upon statistics such as: Persists killed an estimated 200,752 people annually pre-vaccination era, but only 13,506 annually post-vaccination era. That is a 93% decrease in deaths. Hepatitis B killed 66,232 people annually pre vaccination era, but only 11,269 annually post-vaccination era. That is an 83% decrease. This mother is very happy with her decision to switch over, and even goes as far as saying â€Å"l was terribly wrong about vaccines, and I’m thankful my girls never caught not blindly following what others putting my trust in science, and discovering who were really my friends all along (Sandals). Not only does this mother believe vaccination is the way to go, but so do a large number of doctors. I found one specific article, written by a practicing physician, Robert Pearl, that was also quite convincing when I was gathering research for the pro-vaccination side of this hot debate. He opens his essay with a very eye opening statemen t that just breaks your heart: â€Å"There is nothing more disheartening for a physician than watching a patient die from a preventable cause (Pearl). † According to Dir. Pearl, the vaccines used in our day and age have minimal risks and safe track records. They undergo rigorous testing, and have proven their effectiveness in clinical trials (Pearl). A great reason for why people should be vaccinated is that it prevents the spread of extremely dangerous diseases. Before the introduction of the measles vaccine in 1963, hundreds of thousands of people in the U. S. Contracted the disease annually; but since 1963, reported cases fell to less than a thousand a year. Things began to change In 1998 when a British physician published a study that falsely asserted a investigation into the work revealed the the research was unethical and full of conflicts of interest. The article was filled with false data, and the health care risks described have been discredited. However, the damage had been done. In the U. S. , new measles cases have tripled as of 2013 (Pearl). I also found more than ten other reasons supporting vaccinations for children/people on the website Procom. Org. Pro-vaccination supporters believe that no individual should have the right to risk the health of the public solely for the purpose of satisfying their personal moral, philosophical, or religious views. There is also the concept of â€Å"herd immunity’ within pro-vaccination: since some individuals that have been vaccinated may still get sick when exposed to infected individuals, 75% – 94% of the population (depending on the disease) must be vaccinated to achieve â€Å"herd immunity. † When herd immunity is achieved the number of minimized individuals is high enough to prevent the spread of disease through the population. In response to the claim that vaccines are linked to autism, pro-vaccine supports say that many studies, including one done by researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, all reject the hypothesis that temporal, a mercury-based preservative in vaccines, causes autism. To furthermore provide evidence that there is no connection between autism and vaccines, in the case of Mead v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, on March 12th, 2010, the US Court of Federal Claims ruled that the â€Å"theory of vaccine-related causation [of autism]† is scientifically unsupportable. Another main concern for pro-vaccination supporters is the spread of the human papilla virus (HIP). They believe that girls between the ages of 11 and 12 should be required to get the human papilla virus (HIP) vaccine because it protects against four strains of HIP – two of which cause cervical cancer. In the US, cervical cancer is the second leading cancer killer of women. The HIP vaccine can stop these deaths and should be given to all girls fore they become sexually active and have the potential to contract HIP (Procom. Org). The case for pro-vaccination is extremely convincing. However, there is a whole other side to the debate: the anti-vaccination supporters. There are many people who completely believe that vaccines do more harm than good, and that vaccination should not be required for children/adults. According to the International Medical Council on Vaccination, among the top ten reasons to say no to vaccination are reasons such as â€Å"health cannot come through a needle,† â€Å"like bee stings and doses of incline, you can have many vaccines without a reaction†¦ UT the next one can be deadly,† and that â€Å"each shot is Russian Roulette; you never know which chamber has the bullet that could kill you (Tenement). † According to Dir. Sherries Tenement, who is a doctor of osteopathy and the director and founder of Esteemed II, vaccine safety studies are short and inconclusive, and are performed on children who are not ill and not on medication, in other words, by to all c hildren and all adults, even those who have been chronically sick and on different types of medication, so we don’t really know until that happens what the rue clinical trial is around safety (Tenement). Furthermore, Dir. Tenement defines the true meaning of effective in regards to its usage in the phrase â€Å"vaccines are safe and effective†. What effective really means, in this case, is that a substance is shot into a body, and then creates an antibody. There is a leap in assumption though, that simply because you have the antibody, it will protect you and keep from getting sick. In reality, a lot of information out there leads us to believe that we don’t really know what antibody means. Does they mean that you’re chronically sick? Does it mean you’ve had an exposure? Does it mean you’ve had a certain level of protective antibody but you still get sick? Effective doesn’t necessarily translate into protecting you from getting sick (Tenement). Doctor Merely NAS talks about the Guardrails controversy in one of her interviews from a anti-vaccination point of view. She states that she doesn’t know how other doctors can prescribe something like Guardrails, when it is impossible to figure out what the risk benefit equation is (NAS). Her views support a claim I came across on the Procom. Org website, stating that young girls should not receive mandatory vaccination for HIP. According to the organization, the long-term effects are unknown. Since approval, adverse side effects such as severe allergic reactions, Guilin-Barr © syndrome, spinal cord inflammation and pancreatic have been reported to the US Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System. Although these adverse reactions may be rare, they are not worth the risk since the vaccine only protects against two of the many strains of HIP that may cause cancer of the cervix I came across countless other supporting arguments for the anti-vaccinations side of this debate. Many parents hold religious beliefs against vaccination. Forcing parents o vaccinate their children would violate the 1st Amendment of the U. S. Constitution which guarantees citizens the right to the free exercise of their religion. Vaccines also interfere with natural law and God’s plan for humanity. Disease is a natural occurrence, and humans should not interfere with its trajectory. Additionally, vaccines can trigger autoimmune disorders such as arthritis, multiple sclerosis, lupus, and Guilin-Barr © Syndrome (GABS). Vaccines can also cause brain inflammation, which can lead to death or permanent brain damage and disorders such as autism, ADD/ADD, and other developmental problems. Their argument supporting the link between vaccines and autism states that the vaccine additive temporal (found in most pre-1999 vaccines) has been associated specifically with the development of autism and is still found in certain macroeconomic, tetanus, and flu vaccines such as the HI IN vaccine. Lastly, a main argument for the anti- vaccination supporters is that children should not receive the hepatitis B vaccine because Hepatitis B is a bloodstone disease and is primarily spread by sexual intercourse and intravenous drug use, therefore children are not at great risk of contracting the disease (Procom. G). Many decades. The purpose of this essay is not to sway you towards either side of the debate, but to inform you about the arguments and supporting reasons that each side has to allow you to form your own opinion and decision about whether or not to vaccinate your kids and/or yourself. Both sides of the debate have many convincing and shocking facts, but in the end, it comes do wn to who you personally agree with more, and which research that you find is the most credible and trustworthy. Good luck all! Works Cited Merely NAS on Vaccines. Dir. Null, Gary. Prod. Null Gary. Peer. NAS, Merely. 2012. Youth. Com. How to cite Living like weasels, Papers Living Like Weasels Free Essays ANNIE DILLARD LIVING LIKE WEASELS Together answer: â€Å"How is the Dillard essay constructed? † Do describe each of its parts. 17 paragraphs in five acts (parts) Characteristic features: explanation of meaning pages 1-2 Premonition: Wild, ETS story, talons, bones and death in life in death. 63 3-7 Setting — time and place. We will write a custom essay sample on Living Like Weasels or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hollins/Murray’s Pond (Walden) sunset in suburbia! 63-64 8-11 THE ENCOUNTER; a shocking, world changing – view ; an upsetting event! 64-65 12-14 Reflection on the loss and what this means; thoughtful people are not so free. 5 15-17 The didactic quality, meaning or lesson of this story: she tells you how to live! 65-66 Her conclusive remarks 15 symbiosis two minds become one as open as the land is to snow! 16 freedom of necessity (not as customarily thought — of will to choose) 17 life advice on how to live â€Å"grasp your one necessity† What uses does this author make of â€Å"premonition? † That is how does she utilize imagery to foreshadow some later reuse of images or phrases to tell a story or deepen her initial memory of this experience? eize grip wild rose stunned stillness bondage vs. necessity What happens? She meets her equal, in a weasel (lowly rodent)! The use of IRONY to forcefully convey an unconventional comparison of a thinking huma n and a thoughtless animal. Characteristics are: weasels are: wild predatory hunters Although startled easily, they are–nonetheless–tenacious stalkers. living in their â€Å"physical senses† determined persistent free perseverance. We should be as â€Å"proper, obedient pure† â€Å"not let go† survivors of even death  ¶14 noticing everything, remembering nothing 15 Down is a good place to go Could two live under the wild rose  ¶16 â€Å"perfect freedom of single necessity Answer her question in  ¶ #15; â€Å"Could two live that way? † No this is absurd, even irritating, to think we can give up our mental faculties perhaps this is the unity nature requires and to which we may strive but never reach Yes as partners or the child at the breast of the mother, friends stalkers, real lovers What does Dillard mean by equating freedom necessity in  ¶#16 she reverses (irony) our usual notion of freedom to choose ree is equated –ins tead– with instinctually free from thought, emotion, or conscience humans are slaves to ideas, the mind, the ideology of the group, fads wild animals are free even from death because they are true –tenacious– to their instincts The point is:marriage of necessity we need to treat nature as a partner, participant and even lover â€Å"This is yielding, not fighting† ( ¶16) Learn how to live! â€Å"Then even death†¦. can not you part. † ( ¶14-17) How to cite Living Like Weasels, Essay examples

Logo research Essay Example For Students

Logo research Essay Logo research This logo has not got a border around it, but it still looks Neatly presented. There is a bright colour used for the Font, which catches your attention. Aswell as a name Used there is also an image included in the logo. I Personally do not like the colour used for the font, as it Is too bright. This logo has a very dark background. The font used in this logo is curved and really thin. It is a really basic colour, which contrasts well with the background. It is neatly presented. I like the idea of the border around the logo, which keeps the name of the company in place. This logo is completely different from the other logos that I have chosen. There is different size fonts used which immediately attracts your view. The colours used are basic and plain, but it still makes the logo stand out due to the font. There is no border around the logo to keep it in place, which makes the logo look free. This logo is very bright. There are three colours used which are: red, white and yellow. The logo has a border which makes the logo stay together. Aswell as the name of the logo, there is also an image. The image is of a crisp, which probably advertises what the company is for. Logos Results for Final Idea I did a tally chart to see what logos people preferred. I asked a sum of 20 people to then see which logos caught their eye. The results are shown in the tally below: I have drawn up my results onto a graph as it makes it clearer to see. The results clearly shows, that logo 1 has grabbed most peoples attention. Therefore I have decided to use logo 1 as my final idea, due to the majority vote. My chosen Logo This logo will be put on the business cards and letterheads: This logo is very simple and eye catching, due to the sharp endings of the letters. The colours contrast well with eachother and will look good on the final product. It also looks very lively and wild, it looks very strong and not plain. It ties in well with the font. I chose to draw the in a lighter shade than the font; this is because I thought it really contrasts well with the font. I also made the font stand out rather than the, , this is because I want the customers to look at the name of the company rather than the . Research I used the Internet to go to ask and searched for logos on the search engine as shown below. I typed in www. ask. co. uk on the address bar. I typed in logos and pressed the icon ASK! This then enabled me to search for the phrase I was looking for. After I clicked on ask, it led me into further search engines for different websites. I then clicked on the specific website I was after, which then narrowed down my search. Research Once I clicked on ask it opened up this page: This page let me get into different web pages. It gave me a lot of options I could choose from. Research By clicking one of the web pages, I entered a website, which had the logo I was looking for. I took most of the logos from the ask website and took the same steps, this way I then got all the logos I wanted. Legal Issues and Implications Software copyright If you steal software or copy a software, without the persons permission, which owns the particular software, it is taken as a criminal offence. The law, Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1989, made this a criminal offence. Companies have a tendency to issue a licence to guarantee that software copies are made legal. Generally packaged licenses are available with whichever software you buy. .u841511c1666bbf6561751dceb6a47976 , .u841511c1666bbf6561751dceb6a47976 .postImageUrl , .u841511c1666bbf6561751dceb6a47976 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u841511c1666bbf6561751dceb6a47976 , .u841511c1666bbf6561751dceb6a47976:hover , .u841511c1666bbf6561751dceb6a47976:visited , .u841511c1666bbf6561751dceb6a47976:active { border:0!important; } .u841511c1666bbf6561751dceb6a47976 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u841511c1666bbf6561751dceb6a47976 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u841511c1666bbf6561751dceb6a47976:active , .u841511c1666bbf6561751dceb6a47976:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u841511c1666bbf6561751dceb6a47976 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u841511c1666bbf6561751dceb6a47976 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u841511c1666bbf6561751dceb6a47976 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u841511c1666bbf6561751dceb6a47976 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u841511c1666bbf6561751dceb6a47976:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u841511c1666bbf6561751dceb6a47976 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u841511c1666bbf6561751dceb6a47976 .u841511c1666bbf6561751dceb6a47976-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u841511c1666bbf6561751dceb6a47976:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ozone Layer Solid Research EssayIt is certain that some companies also issue a particular number to type in whilst you establish your software. Businesses may hope to obtain numerous licenses to provide allowances for a range of users of the software, which would be available as a cheaper price. However it is possible to acquire a site licence, which basically means that anyone using a computer at a exact site can legally use a copy of the actual software, but still means that users cannot take copies of the software away form the site. Conversely the licence is only acceptable for computers used at the specified site. If you copy a software without purchasing a licence for your personal use it is known as software piracy. There are occasions where people copy and then sell the software to others. They might even issue a copy of the licence agreement. All these plagiarism software are against the law. To copy software, companies lose income, and softwares cost a lot of money to build up at first. Viruses A computer virus is a program which: can cause damage and wipe out crucial files on your computer system; attaches itself to another program or a file; can spread and be passed from file to file and computer to computer.